A new study from the University at Buffalo supports the view that obesity raises the risk of periodontal bone loss! The excessive inflammation resulting from obesity raises the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), a group of immune cells that increase during illness to regulate immune function. MDSCs, which originate in the bone marrow, develop into a range of different cell types, including osteoclasts (cells that breaks down bone tissue). The study examined two groups of mice: one group a low-fat diet that derived 10% of energy from fat, the other group a high-fat diet that drew 45% of energy from fat. After 16 weeks, the high-fat diet group experienced obesity, more inflammation and a greater increase of MDSCs in the bone marrow and spleen compared to the low-fat diet group. The high-fat diet group also developed a significantly larger number of osteoclasts and greater alveolar bone loss (the bone that holds teeth in place). This research promotes the concept that MDSC expansion during obesity to become osteoclasts during periodontitis is tied to increased alveolar bone destruction. This mechanism can be studied to analyze other chronic inflammatory, bone-related diseases that develop concurrently with obesity, such as arthritis and osteoporosis.
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